We find that in most of the simulations, >10-2 M o of 16O is indeed dredged up during the merger. We performed a total of nine simulations using two different grid-based hydrodynamics codes using fixed and adaptive meshes and one smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code. Even if the conditions during the merger and subsequent nucleosynthesis favor the production of 18O, the merger must avoid dredging up large amounts of 16O, or else it will be difficult to produce sufficient 18O to explain the oxygen ratio observed to be of order unity. Mergers involving a CO and a He WD have been suggested as a possible formation channel for R Coronae Borealis (RCB)-type stars, and we are interested in testing if such mergers lead to conditions and outcomes in agreement with observations.
/geology-students-interpret-a-rock-found-below-the-rim-of-north-caineville-mesa-utah-138537018-58b599853df78cdcd86cfc2f.jpg "dredge up astronomy")
In all the simulations, the total mass of the two WDs is ≲1.0 M o.
We present the results of an investigation of the dredge-up and mixing during the merger of two white dwarfs (WDs) with different chemical compositions by conducting hydrodynamic simulations of binary mergers for three representative mass ratios.
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